Reading Lists and References

Core Rotations:

Cardiology Inpatient Care

• Nowhere in medicine is the preponderance of the literature more evidence-based than in cardiology. The attached CCU reading list is meant to provide insight into how good trials are completed in cardiology, show some of the latest advances that may translate into forthcoming ACC/AHA guidelines, provide concise expert reviews for topics where strong evidence is lacking and to review topics that are unique to the management of CCU patients (ie IABP, ICD shocks). It is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the field of cardiology.

Recent Headline Articles

1. Van Gelder I, Groenveld H, Crijns H, et al. Lenient versus Strict Rate Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1363-73.
   In patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, lenient rate control is as effective as strict rate control and is easier to achieve. The frequencies of symptoms and adverse events were similar in the two groups.
2. The ACCORD Study Group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010 Mar 14
   This study indicates that intensive blood pressure control (to levels < currently recommended by guidelines) should not be used in high-risk diabetic patients.

Clinical Trials

1. Antman EM, et al. Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin with fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1477-1488. (ExTRACT-TIMI 25 - Enoxaparin and Thrombolysis Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction)
2. The fifth organization to assess strategies in acute ischemic syndromes investigators. Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1464-1476. (OASIS 5 – Organization to Assess Strategies in Acute Ischemic Syndromes)
3. The clopidogrel in unstable angina to prevent recurrent events trial investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:494-502. (CURE – Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events)
4. Cannon CP, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1495-1504. (PROVE IT – TIMI 22 – Pravastatin or Atorvastatin evaluation and Infection Therapy - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction)
5. Cannon CP, et al. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1879-1887. (TACTICS-TIMI18 – Treat Angina with aggrastat and determine Cost of Therapy with Invasive or Conservative Strategy – Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction)
6. Hochman JS, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:625-634. (SHOCK – SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK)
7. Assorted other CCU articles (CHF, EP & guideline-based management)

   7a. Peterson ED, et al. Association between hospital process performance and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2006; 295:1912-1920. (From the CRUSADE registry – Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines)

   7b. Fox KAA, et al. Decline in rates of death and heart failure in acute coronary syndromes, 1999-2006. JAMA 2007; 297:1892-1900. (From the GRACE registry – Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events)

8. Allen LA, et al. Management of acute decompensated heart failure. CMAJ 2007; 176:797-805.
9. Stevenson LW. Clinical use of inotropic therapy for heart failure: looking backward or forward? Part I: inotropic infusions during hospitalization. Circulation 2003; 108:367-372.
10. Gehi AK, et al. Evaluation and management of patients after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock. JAMA 2006; 296:2839-2847.

For the motivated resident, additional articles are included herein

1. Kostis WJ, et al. Weekend versus weekday admission and mortality from myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1099-1109.
2. The PURSUIT Trial Investigators. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:436-443. (PURSUIT – Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy)
3. Boden W, O'Rourke R, Teo K, et al. Optimal Medical Therapy with or without PCI for Stable Coronary Disease (COURAGE). N Engl J Med 2007;356:1503-16.
   As an initial management strategy in patients with stable coronary artery disease, PCI did not reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or other major cardiovascular events when added to optimal medical therapy.
4. Bates ER, et al. The use of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy in cardiogenic shock. Int J Cardiol 1998; 65:S37-S42.
5. Roongsritong C, et al. Common causes of troponin elevations in the absence of acute myocardial infarction: incidence and clinical significance. Chest 2004; 125:1877-1884.
6. Stevenson LW et al. Are hemodynamic goals viable in tailoring heart failure therapy? Circulation 2006; 113:1020-1033.
7. The BARI Investigators. The final 10 year follow-up results from the BARI randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49 1600-1606
8. Residents may want to familiarize themselves with the controversy surrounding the safety of drug-eluting stents, which we use quite frequently. To get the flavor of this, we refer you to the 11 articles or editorials found in the March 8, 2007 NEJM (vol 356, no 10) or the May 9, 2007 JAMA (vol 297 no 18).
9. Beohar N, Davidson CJ, Kip KE, Goodreau L, Vlachos HA, Meyers SN, Benzuly KH, Flaherty JD, Ricciardi MJ, Bennett CJ, Williams DO. Outcomes and Complications Associated With Off-Label and Untested Use of Drug-Eluting Stents. JAMA 2007; 297:1992-2000

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Cardiology Inpatient Care

Nowhere in medicine is the preponderance of the literature more evidence-based than in cardiology. The attached CCU reading list is meant to provide insight into how good trials are completed in cardiology, show some of the latest advances that may translate into forthcoming ACC/AHA guidelines, provide concise expert reviews for topics where strong evidence is lacking and to review topics that are unique to the management of CCU patients (ie IABP, ICD shocks). It is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the field of cardiology.

Clinical Trials

1. Mehta SR, Granger CB, Boden WE, Steg PG, Bassand JP, Faxon DP, Afzal R, Chrolavicius S, Jolly SS, Widimsky P, Avezum A, Rupprecht HJ, Zhu J, Col J, Natarajan MK, Horsman C, Fox KA, Yusuf S; TIMACS Investigators. Early versus delayed invasive intervention in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 21;360(21):2165-75.
2. Wilber DJ, Pappone C, Neuzil P, De Paola A, Marchlinski F, Natale A, Macle L, Daoud EG, Calkins H, Hall B, Reddy V, Augello G, Reynolds MR, Vinekar C, Liu CY, Berry SM, Berry DA; ThermoCool AF Trial Investigators. Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 Jan 27;303(4):333-40.
3. Antman EM, et al. Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin with fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1477-1488. (ExTRACT-TIMI 25 - Enoxaparin and Thrombolysis Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction)
4. The fifth organization to assess strategies in acute ischemic syndromes investigators. Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1464-1476. (OASIS 5 – Organization to Assess Strategies in Acute Ischemic Syndromes)
5. The clopidogrel in unstable angina to prevent recurrent events trial investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:494-502. (CURE – Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events)
6. Cannon CP, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1495-1504. (PROVE IT – TIMI 22 – Pravastatin or Atorvastatin evaluation and Infection Therapy - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction)
7. Cannon CP, et al. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1879-1887. (TACTICS-TIMI18 – Treat Angina with aggrastat and determine Cost of Therapy with Invasive or Conservative Strategy – Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction)
8. Hochman JS, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:625-634. (SHOCK – SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK)
9. Assorted other CCU articles (CHF, EP & guideline-based management)
   - 7a. Peterson ED, et al. Association between hospital process performance and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2006; 295:1912-1920. (From the CRUSADE registry – Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines)
   - 7b. Fox KAA, et al. Decline in rates of death and heart failure in acute coronary syndromes, 1999-2006. JAMA 2007; 297:1892-1900. (From the GRACE registry – Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events)
10. Allen LA, et al. Management of acute decompensated heart failure. CMAJ 2007; 176:797-805.
11. Stevenson LW. Clinical use of inotropic therapy for heart failure: looking backward or forward? Part I: inotropic infusions during hospitalization. Circulation 2003; 108:367-372.
12. Gehi AK, et al. Evaluation and management of patients after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock. JAMA 2006; 296:2839-2847.

For the motivated resident, additional articles are included herein

1. Kostis WJ, et al. Weekend versus weekday admission and mortality from myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1099-1109.
2. The PURSUIT Trial Investigators. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:436-443. (PURSUIT – Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy)
3. Bates ER, et al. The use of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy in cardiogenic shock. Int J Cardiol 1998; 65:S37-S42.
4. Roongsritong C, et al. Common causes of troponin elevations in the absence of acute myocardial infarction: incidence and clinical significance. Chest 2004; 125:1877-1884.
5. Stevenson LW et al. Are hemodynamic goals viable in tailoring heart failure therapy? Circulation 2006; 113:1020-1033.
6. The BARI Investigators. The final 10 year follow-up results from the BARI randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49 1600-1606
7. Residents may want to familiarize themselves with the current controversy surrounding the safety of drug-eluting stents, which we use quite frequently. To get the flavor of this, we refer you to the 11 articles or editorials found in the March 8, 2007 NEJM (vol 356, no 10) or the May 9, 2007 JAMA (vol 297 no 18).
8. Beohar N, Davidson CJ, Kip KE, Goodreau L, Vlachos HA, Meyers SN, Benzuly KH, Flaherty JD, Ricciardi MJ, Bennett CJ, Williams DO. Outcomes and Complications Associated With Off-Label and Untested Use of Drug-Eluting Stents. JAMA 2007; 297:1992-2000

Collection by Dr. Michael Burke with review by Dr. Dan Fintel

Algorithms, protocols and other references:

• Guidelines:  http://www.acc.org & http://www.americanheart.org

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Coronary Artery Disease:

Primary Prevention

• Aspirin therapy:
• Physican's Health Study: Aspirin and Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 28;321 (26):1825-8 (Available in the journal stacks at the Galter Library)
• Cholesterol trials:
• AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA. 1998 May 27;279(20):1615-22.
• Helsinki Heart Study: Frick MH, Elo O, Happa K, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1987 Nov 12;317(20):1237-45. (Available in the journal stacks at the Galter Library)
• Multiple risk factor interventions:
• MRFIT:The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). A national study of primary prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1976 Feb 23;235(8):825-7. (Available in the journal stacks at the Galter Library)

Secondary Prevention (after development of atherosclerosis)/Therapy for CAD:

• ACEI therapy:
• HOPE trial : Yusuf S, Sleigh P, Poque J, et al. Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 20;342(3):145-53
• Lipid lowering therapy:
• Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators. Pitt B, Waters D, Brown WV, et al. AVERT: Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 8;341(2):70-6.
• MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study: Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group: MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002 Jul 6;360(9326):7-22.
• CAD therapy:
• Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, et al. COURAGE Trial Research Group. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Apr 12;356(15):1503-16.
• Heart disease in women:
• Hully S, Grady D, Bush T. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998 Aug 19;280 (7) 605-13.

Tertiary Prevention

• Moss A. J., Zareba W., Hall W. J., Klein H., Wilber D. J., Cannom D. S., Daubert J. P., Higgins S. L., Brown M. W., Andrews M. L., the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators. MADIT-II : Prophylactic Implantation of a Defibrillator in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:877-883, Mar 21, 2002.

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Heart Failure Therapy:

• ACEI/ARB therapy:
• CHARM: Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects on candersartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall prog ramme. Lancet. 2003 Sept 6; 362 (9386): 759-66
• CONSENSUS: Swedberg K, Kjekshus J. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). Am J Cardiol. 1988 Jul 11;62 (2): 60A-66A (Available in the journal stacks at the Galter Library)
• B-blocker therapy:
• COMET: Poole-Wilson PA, Swedberg K, Cleland JG, Di Lenarda A, Hanrath A, et al. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2003 Jul 5; 362(9377): 7-13.
• Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist Therapy:
• RALES: Pitt B, et al. The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709-717.
• Vasodilator therapy, African-American Heart Failure Trial:
• Taylor A, Ziesche S, et al. Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine in Blacks with Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:2049-2057

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ER

• Haukoos  J S, et al. Denver Emergency Department HIV Opt-Out Study Group. Routine opt-out rapid HIV screening and detection of HIV infection in emergency department patients. JAMA. 2010 Jul 21;304(3):284-92.
  In a high-volume urban ED, this strategy modestly increased the number of patients with new HIV diagnoses, but most such patients already had advanced disease.
• Khwaja SM, Minnerop M, Singer AJ. Comparison of ibuprofen, cyclobenzaprine or both in patients with acute cervical strain: a randomized controlled trial. CJEM. 2010 Jan;12(1):39-44.
  Pain relief did not differ among patients who received ibuprofen, cyclobenzaprine, or both drugs.
• Ay H, Gungor L, Arsava EM, et al. A score to predict early risk of recurrence after ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2010 Jan 12;74(2):128-35.
  A new Web-based risk score based on readily available clinical and imaging information is a good predictor of risk for recurrence.
• Sun BC, Derose SF, Liang LJ, et al. Predictors of 30-day serious events in older patients with syncope. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Dec;54(6):769-778.e1-5.
  A syncope score stratifies patients aged 60 into groups with low, intermediate, and high risk for serious events within 30 days.
• Hall WB, Truitt SG, Scheunemann LP, et al. The prevalence of clinically relevant incidental findings on chest computed tomographic angiograms ordered to diagnose pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Nov 23;169(21):1961-5.
  In a study of CT  angiography in ED patients, incidental findings were more than twice as common as PE.
• Roberts: Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine, 5th edition
• Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, 7th edition
  Chapters on: Dyspnea, Chest Pain, Acute Pelvic Pain, Syncope, Headache, Confusion, Abdominal Pain and Dizziness.

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Geriatrics:

1. Philip S. Wang, M.D., Dr.P.H., Sebastian Schneeweiss, M.D., Jerry Avorn, M.D.,Michael A. Fischer, M.D., Helen Mogun, M.S., Daniel H. Solomon, M.D., M.P.H., and M. Alan Brookhart, Ph.D. Risk of Death in Elderly Users of Conventional vs. Atypical Antipsychotic Medications. NEJM 353;22 December 1, 2005; 2335-2341.
2. Donna M. Fick, PhD, RN; James W. Cooper, PhD, RPh; William E. Wade, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP; Jennifer L. Waller, PhD; J. Ross Maclean, MD; Mark H. Beers, MD. Updating the Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults; Results of a US Consensus Panel of Experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2716-2724.
3. Sharon K. Inouye, M.D., M.P.H. Delirium in Older Persons. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1157-65.
4. Claudia H. Kawas, M.D. Early Alzheimer’s Disease. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1056-63.
5. Martin J. Gorbien, MD, FACP*, Amy R. Eisenstein, MA. Elder Abuse and Neglect: An Overview. Clin Geriatr Med 21 (2005) 279– 292
   (This article can not be directly linked. Once in the Clinics in Geriatric Medicine journal via the above link, search by entering the author's name (Gorbien M J) and the year (2005). Click on Search and select the article.)
6. Thomiias M. Gill, MD, Christiannla S. Williamiis, MPH, Julie T Robison, PhD, anid Mary E. Tinietti, MD. A Population-Based Study of Environmental Hazards in the Homes of Older Persons. Am J Public Health. 1999;89:553-556
7. Dan H. Bourla, MD, and Tara A. Young, MD. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Practical Approach to a Challenging Disease. JAGS 54:1130–1135, 2006.
8. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. Guidlines for the Prevention of Falls in Older Persons. JAGS 49:664-672, 2001.
9. Joe Verghese, M.D., Richard B. Lipton, M.D., Mindy J. Katz, M.P.H., Charles B. Hall, Ph.D., Carol A. Derby, Ph.D., Gail Kuslansky, Ph.D., Anne F. Ambrose, M.D., Martin Sliwinski, Ph.D., and Herman Buschke, M.D. Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2508-16.
10. Clifford J. Rosen, M.D. Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:595-603.

1. Essential of Clinical Geriatrics, Kane RL, Ouslander JG, Abrass, IB. Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, 2004
2. Geriatric Medicine: An Evidence Based Approach (Christine Cassel, MD, editor). Fourth edition, 2003 (Online available at Galter Library website).
3. Geriatric Review Syllabus: A Core Curriculum in Geriatric Medicine 7th Edition; American Geriatric Society, 2010

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Heme-Onc:

Recent Articles

Eapen et al. Effect of graft source on unrelated donor haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute leukaemia: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jul; 11(7):653-60.

• Interesting article comparing efficacy and outcomes among umbilical cord blood (UCB), peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC), and bone marrow transplants in adults with acute leukemia (all unrelated donors). Patients who did not have HLA-matched donors for a bone marrow or PBPC transplant and who got UCB transplants had similar rates of leukemia-free survival, decreased rates of GVHD, but overall slightly higher rates of transplant-related mortality. Authors conclude UCB transplants may be an acceptable options for patients without an HLA-matched unrelated donor who urgently need a transplant.
• Andriole et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 1;362(13):1192-202.
  Multicenter, randomized, DB, placebo-controlled trial of whether dutasteride reduced risk of prostate cancer in older men with normal to slightly elevated PSA but negative prostate biopsies. Men were followed for 4 years, there was a relative risk reduction of ~ 22% for incident prostate cancer in men taking dutasteride, also lower rates of urinary retention.

Hematology - Malignant

1. Krause DS, Van Etten RA. Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 14;353(2):172-87.
       o Expands on the promises of Gleevec by reviewing the current and future use of TKIs in hematologic and non-hematologic cancers.
2. Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J, Singhal S, Jagannath S, Irwin D, Rajkumar SV, Srkalovic G, Alsina M, Alexanian R, Siegel D, Orlowski RZ, Kuter D, Limentani SA, Lee S, Hideshima T, Esseltine DL, Kauffman M, Adams J, Schenkein DP, Anderson KC. A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2609-17.
       o This is the open-label trial that popularized the use of proteasome inhibition with bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma, opening up a new target to exploit for the treatment of malignancy.
3. Tallman MS, Gilliland DG, Rowe JM. Drug therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2005 Aug 15;106(4):1154-63
       o This is an in-depth but very readable review of the current therapies for AML as well as the upcoming therapies, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of the disease and how to exploit them pharmacologically. It is invaluable to read at the start of a stint on the Red service.
4. Copelan EA. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 27;354(17):1813-26.
       o A historical and mechanistic review of that black box which is stem cell transplant, including current and future indications for SCT.
5. List A, Dewald G, Bennett J, Giagounidis A, Raza A, Feldman E, Powell B, Greenberg P, Thomas D, Stone R, Reeder C, Wride K, Patin J, Schmidt M, Zeldis J, Knight R; Myelodysplastic Syndrome-003 Study Investigators. Lenalidomide in the myelodysplastic syndrome with chromosome 5q deletion. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5;355(14):1456-65.
       o This clinical trial uses an anologue of thalidomide for the treatment of a cytogenetic subtype of MDS, finally showing a therapy th [text missing from original document]
6. Lowenberg, B. Acute Myeloid Leukemia. NEJM. Sept 1999; 341: 1051-1062.
7. Sanz MA, Tallman MS, Lo-coco F. Tricks of the trade for the appropriate management of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2005 Apr 15;105(8):3019-25

Collection by Dr. Taylor Ortiz with assistance by Dr. Keren Barfi.

Oncology

1. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for earlly breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005; 365: 1687-1717.
2. Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC, Yahalom J. Clinical practice. Superior vena cava syndrome with malignant causes. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1862-9.
3. Halfdanarson TR, Hogan WJ, Moynihan TJ. Oncologic emergencies: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Jun;81(6):835-48
4. Ost D, Fein A. Evaluation and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 1):782-7

Collection by Dr. Tara Sanft

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Hepatology

• PIVENS Trial for treatment of NASH: Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV, McCullough A, Diehl AM, Bass NM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Lavine JE, Tonascia J, Unalp A, Van Natta M, Clark J, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Hoofnagle JH, Robuck PR; NASH CRN. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2010 May 6;362(18):1675-85.
• Cost-effectiveness of CT scan for HCC surveillance: Sangiovanni A, Manini MA, Iavarone M, et al. The diagnostic and economic impact of contrast imaging techniques in the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Gut. 2010 May;59(5):638-44.

General Hepatology

• Green RM, Flamm S. AGA technical review on the evaluation of liver chemistry tests. Gastroenterology. 2002; 123:1367-84.
• Naylor CD. Physical examination of the liver. JAMA 1994; 271:1859-65.

Cirrhosis and complications

• Abraldes JG, Angermayr B, Bosch J. The management of portal hypertension. Clin Liver Dis. 2005; 9:685-713
• Arroyo V, Terra C, Gines P . New treatments of hepatorenal syndrome. Semin Liver Dis. 2006; 26:254-64.
• Blei AT, Cordoba J. Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Hepatic Encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96:1968-76.
• Gines P, Cardenas A, Arroyo V, Rodes J. Management of cirrhosis and ascites. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350:1646-54.
• Iwakiri Y, Groszmann R. The hyperdynamic circulation of chronic liver diseases: from the patient to the molecule. Hepatology. 2006 Feb;43(2 Suppl 1):S121-31
• Krowka MJ. Evolving dilemmas and management of portopulmonary hypertension. Semin Liver Dis. 2006; 26:265-72.
• Palma DT, Fallon MB. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Hepatol. 2006; 45:617-25.
• Plauth M et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2006; 25:285-94. Epub 2006 May 16.
• Rimola A et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascites Club. J Hepatol. 2000; 32:142-53.
• Wiest R, Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2005; 41:422-33.
• Wong F, et al. Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut. 2005; 54:718-25.

Steatohepatitis

• Levitsky J, Maillard ME. Diagnosis and therapy of alcoholic liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 2004; 24:233-247.
• Maher JJ. Alcoholic clasteatosis and steatohepatitis. Gastrointest Dis. 2002; 13:31-9.
• O’Shea RS, McCullough AJ. Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2005; 9:103-34.
• Farrell GC, Larter CZ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2006; 43:S99-S112.

Viral Hepatitis

• Feld JJ, Liang J. Hepatitis C -- identifying patients with progressive liver injury. Hepatology. 2006; 43:S194-206
• Flamm S. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection. JAMA 2003; 289:2413-7.
• Martin A, Lemon S. Hepatitis A virus: from discovery to vaccines.Hepatology. 2006; 43:S164-72
• Pawlotsky JM. Therapy of hepatitis C: from empiricism to eradication. Hepatology.2006; 43:S207-20.
• Perrillo RS. Therapy of hepatitis B -- viral suppression or eradication? Hepatology. 2006; 43:S182-93.
• Yim HJ, Lok AS. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2006. Hepatology. 2006; 43:S173-81.

Acute Liver Failure

• Larson AM et al. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology. 2005; 42:1364-72.
• Polson J, Lee WM. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure. Hepatology. 2005; 41:1179-97.
• Vaquero J, Blei AT. Etiology and management of fulminant hepatic failure. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2003; 5:39-47

Hepatocellular carcinoma

• Bruix J et al. Chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127:S179-88.
• Di Bisceglie AM. Issues in screening and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127:S104-7.
• Fattovich G et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factors. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127:S35-50.
• Kulik LM, Abecassis M. Living donor liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: S277-284.
• Llovet JM, Schwatrz M, Mazzaferro V. Resection and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2005; 25:181-200.

Liver Transplantation

• Charlton M. Recurrence if hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation 2005; S57-S62
• Merion RM. When is a patient too well and is a patient or too sick for a liver transplant? Liver Transplantaiton 2004; 10: S68-S72.
• Munoz S, Elgenaidi H. Cardiovascular risk factors after liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation 2005; S52-6.
• Olthoff K et al. Summary Report of a Natinal Conference: Liver allocation in the MELD and PELD era. Liver Transplantation 2004; 10: A6-A22.
• Shiffman ML, Saab S, Feng S, Abecassis MI, Tzakis AG, Goodrich NP, Schaubel DE. Liver and intestine transplantation in the United States, 1995-2004. Am J Transplant. 2006; 6:1170-87
• Wilkinson A. Kidney dysfunction in the recipients of liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation 2005; 11:S47-S51.

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MICU

1. De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al.; SOAP II Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):779-89.
2. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97.
3. ARDS Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for ALI and ARDS. NEJM 2000;342:1301-8.
   • Results of ARMA study are basis for low- stretch/low tidal volume ventilation strategy.
4. Connors AF, Speroff T, Dawson NV, et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 1996;276:889-897. (Please log off Ovid when you have finished with this article.)
   • This famous prospective cohort study found worse outcome with use of PACs in the critically ill, instantly becoming a source of enormous controversy.
5. Yang KL, Tobin MJ. A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation. NEJM 1991;324:1445-50. (Available in the journal stacks at the Galter Library).
   • Study in a VA population found the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI = RR/Vtidal) was the single best predictor of weaning success (sensitivity 0.97, specificity 0.64).
6. Kress JP, Pohlman AS, O'Connor MF, Hall JB. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. NEJM 2000;342:1471-7.
   • RCT found daily interruption of sedation in a MICU population resulted in shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, less total dose of sedation, and less use of diagnostic tests to work-up impaired mental status compared to the control group. No increase in short term adverse outcomes in the intervention group identified but patients were not evaluated for subtle or long-term adverse outcomes.
7. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PE, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. NEJM 2001;344:699-709.
   • Large, phase III multicenter RCT found patients randomized to APC had an absolute mortality reduction of 6%, but may have a greater risk of bleeding.
8. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. NEJM 2001;345:1368-77.
   • This RCT of 263 patients found benefit from early (in E.D.) aggressive resuscitation (in-hospital mortality of 30% in the goal-directed group compared to 46% in the standard therapy group). The intervention arm was noteworthy for prn use of blood transfusion and/or inotropes to maintain central venous O2 sat >70%. Authors speculate the earlier aggressiveness accounts for better outcomes than previous studies of goal-directed hemodynamic optimization.
9. The Safe Study Investigators. A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. NEJM 2004;350:2247-56.
   • A high-quality study involving 6997 patients assigned to receive albumin or saline found no difference in 28-day mortality, single or multiple organ dysfunction, days spent in ICU, days spent in the hospital, mechanical ventilation days, and days spent on renal replacement therapy. Although the debate over the use of crystalloids vs. colloids will likely rage on, these results make a strong case against the routine use of colloids given their expense.
10. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia: Official statement of ATS and IDSA 2004. AJRCCM 2005;171:388-416.
    • This in-depth evidence-based guideline on the management of nosocomial pneumonia emphasizes early collection of lower respiratory tract samples, early institution of antibiotics, a shorter duration of antibiotics for uncomplicated pneumonia, and use of linezolid, colistin, inhaled antibiotics, and combination therapy.
11. Effect of Treatment with Low Doses of Hydrocortisone and Fludrocortisone on Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock. JAMA 2002; 7 no. 288; 862-871
12. Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients. NEJM 2001; 345;19; 1359-1367

Collection by Dr. Joseph Weber

The ATS has also developed a excellent reference list that is posted online.

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Neurology

Residents library in 12E conference room has a large selection of neurology texts to be used as references. Selected list is attached below. Residents are also expected to do literature searches on the topics that come up in teaching rounds.

General Neurology

1. Rowland, L. Merritt’s Textbook of Neurology. Ninth Edition Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Philadelphia, last edition
       o An excellent clinical text, easy to read
   
2.  Adams, R. Victor, M. Ropper, A. Principles of Neurology. Sixth Edition McGaw-Hill, New York, St. Louis, San Francisco, 1997
       o More in depth discussion of anatomy, good chapter on vascular neurology
   
3. Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinical Foundation. Clinical Examination in Neurology, 6th ed. St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book, 1991
       o A very comprehensive review of the clinical exam
4. DeJong, R. Revised By Haerer, A.F. DeJong’s The Neurologic Examination. Fifth Edition J. B. Lippincott Company, 1992
5. Fishman, R. Cerebrospinal Fluid in Diseases of the Nervous System. Second Edition W.B. Saunders Company, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., Philadelphia, 1992
6. Plum, F. Posner, J.B. The Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma. Edition 3 F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 1982
       o Have to read the first chapter, the rest of the book should be used as a reference
7. Johnson, R. Current Therapy In Neurologic Disease – 3.B.C. Decker, Inc., Philadelphia, Toronto, 1990
8. Saper, J. Silberstein, S. Gordon, D. Hamel, R. Swidan, S. Handbook of Headache Management. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999
9. Samuels, M. A Manual of Neurologic Therapeutics, 6/E. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999
10. Goldstein PJ, Stern BJ. Neurological disorders of pregnancy, 2nd ed.Futura Publ Company, New York, 1992

Critical Care Neurology

1. Wijicks E. The clinical practice of critical care neurology. Lippencott-Raven, 1997
2. Weiner,W. Shulman, L. Emergent and Urgent Neurology. Second Edition
          o Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1992

Neuroanatomy

1. Gilman, S. Newman W. Manter and Gatz essentials of Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology. Edition 8, F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 1992

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Peri-Operative Medicine

Below are top articles selected for the case based curriculum and should be read during the month.

1. Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100:1043-1049.
2. Boersma E, Poldermans D, Bax JJ, et al. Predictors of cardiac events after major vascular surgery: role of clinical characteristics, dobutamine echocardiography, and beta-blocker therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:1865-1873.
3. Poldermans D, Boersma E, Bax JJ, et al. The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery. Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1789-1794.
4. Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2007;116:e418-e499.
5. Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K, et al. Perioperative beta-blocker therapy and mortality after major noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:349-361.
6. Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE, Jr, et al. Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians. Circulation. 2007;115:813-818.
7. Durazzo AE, Machado FS, Ikeoka DT, et al. Reduction in cardiovascular events after vascular surgery with atorvastatin: a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:967-975; discussion 975-966.
8. McFalls EO, Ward HB, Moritz TE, et al. Coronary-artery revascularization before elective major vascular surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2795-2804.
9. Kim A. Eagle et al. Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery : Influence of Coronary Disease and Type of Surgery in 3368 Operations. Circulation. 1997;96:1882-1887.
10. Kamal A, et al. How to Interpret and Pursue an Abnormal Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, and Bleeding Time in Adults. Mayo Clin Proc July 2007; 82(7):864-873.
11. Ramakrishna G, et al. Impact of Pulmonary Hypertension on the Outcomes of Noncardiac Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:1691-1699.
12. Devereaux PJ, et al. Surveillance and Prevention of Major Perioperative Ischemic Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: a Review. CMAJ, Sept 27, 2005: 173(7)779-788.
13. Landesberg G, et al. Myocardial Infarction after Vascular Surgery: The Role of Prolonged, Stress-Induced, ST-Depression-Type Ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2001: 37(7)1839-1845.
14. Effects of Extended-Release Metoprolol Succinate in Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery (POISE trial): a randomized-control trial. Lancet. 2008 May 31;371(9627):1839-47.
15. Suman A, Carey W. Assessing the risk of surgery in patients with liver disease. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine April 2006; 73(4): 398-403.
16. Teh et al. Risk Factors for Mortality After Surgery in Patients With Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1261
17. R M Gupta, J Parvizi, A D Hanssen, and P C Gay. Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing hip or knee replacement: a case-control study. Mayo Clin Proc. September 2001 76(9):897-905 (abstract only)
18. Glenn M. Chertow, MD, MPH et al. Preoperative Renal Risk Stratification. Circulation. 1997;95:878-884
19. Lassnigg A et al. Minimal Changes of Serum Creatinine Predict Prognosis in Patients after Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 1597-1605.
20. David J. Blacker. The Preoperative Cerebrovascular Consultation: Common Cerebrovascular Questions Before General or Cardiac Surgery. Mayo Clin Proc. February 2004 79(2):223-229.
21. Magdy Selim. Perioperative Stroke. NEJM 2007; 356:706-713.
22. Brabant S, et al. Refractory Hypotension After Induction of Anesthesia in a Patient Chronically Treated with Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists. Anesth Analg 1999; 89: 887-8.
23. Cittanova M, et al. The Chronic Inhibibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Impairs Postoperative Renal Function. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 1111-5.
24. Benedetto U, et al. Postoperative Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Protect Myocardium from Ischemia During Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Cardiovasc Med 2008; 9:1098-1103. 

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Wards - Inpatient Medicine

1. Yachimski P, et al. Proton pump inhibitors for prophylaxis of noscomial upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Arch Intern Med. 2010 May 10; 170 (9):779-783.
2. Yu CM et al. Biventricular Pacing in Patients with Bradycardia and Normal Ejection Fraction. NEJM. 2009 Nov 26;361(22): 2183-5.
3. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators: Finfer S, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97.
4. Sung JJ, Lau JY, Ching JY, et al. Continuation of Low-Dose Aspirin in Peptic Ulcer Bleeding. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 1-9.
5. Rassen JA, Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Schneeweiss S. Cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients using clopidogrel with proton pump inhibitors after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2009;120:2322-9.
6. Steinbeck G, Anderson D, et al. Defibrillator Implantation Early after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1427-36.
7. Abrams D, Lévy Y, Losso MH, et al. Interleukin-2 Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 15; 361(16):1548-59.
8. Crowther MA, Ageno W, Garcia D, et al. Oral vitamin K versus placebo to correct excessive anticoagulation in patients receiving warfarin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Mar 3;150(5):293-300.
9. Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L, Fontana RJ, Stravitz RT, Larson AM, Davern II TJ, Murray NG, McCashland T, Reisch JS, Robuck PR. "Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Improves Transplant-Free Survical in Early Stage Non-Acetaminophen Acute Liver Failure." Gastroenterology. 2009 Sep; 137(3): 856-864, 864.e1.
10. Young AM et al. Warfarin thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients with central venous catheters (WARP): an open-label randomized trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 567-74.
11. Chrysochou C, Power A, Shurrab AE, et al. Low risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in nondialysis patients who have chronic kidney disease and are investigated with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jan 21.
12. The ASTRAL Investigators. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1953-62.
13. Ehlenbach WJ, Hough CL, Crane PK, et al. Association Between Acute Care and Critical Illness Hospitalization and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. JAMA. 2010 Feb 24; 303(8):763-770.
14. Ratziu V, Giral P, Jacqueminet S, et al. Rosiglitazone for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: One year results of the randomized Placebo-Controlled Fatty Liver Improvement with Rosiglitazone Therapy (FLIRT) Trial. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:100–110.
15. Lautrette A, et al. A Communication Strategy and Brochure for Relatives of Patients Dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 01; 356(5): 469-478.
16. Venditti M et al. Outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired, health care-associated, and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Jan 6;150(1):19-26.
17. Wang, TY, Ou F-S, Roe MT, Harrington RA, et al. Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Thrombocytopenia Developed During Acute Coronary Syndrome in Contemporary Clinical Practice. Circulation. 2009;119:2454-2463.
18. Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Tubach F, et al. The use of the biomarker procalcitonin is useful in determining duration of antibiotic therapy in the ICU. Lancet. 2010 Feb 6;375(9713):463-74.
19. Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H, Curtis PS, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Jones N, Komajda M, McMurray JJV. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomized, open-label trial.” Lancet. 2009 June; 373: 2125-2135.
20. Oborne J, Mortimer K, Hubbard RB, Tattersfield AE, Harrison TW. Quadrupling. The dose of inhaled corticosteroid to prevent asthma exacerbations: a randomized,double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Oct 1;180(7):598-602.

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Elective Rotations:

Allergy / Immunology

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Ambulatory Medicine

Recent Articles and Classic Texts
Psychiatry

1. Sen S et al. A prospective cohort study investigating factors associated with depression during medical internship. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010 Jun; 67:557.
2. Etminan M, Mikelberg FS, Brophy JM. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of cataracts: a nested case-control study. Ophthalmology. 2010 Jun;117(6):1251-5.
3. Davidson KW, Burg MM, Kronish IM, Shimbo D, Dettenborn L, Mehran R, Vorchheimer D, Clemow L, Schwartz JE, Lespérance F, Rieckmann N. Association of anhedonia with recurrent major adverse cardiac events and mortality 1 year after acute coronary syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 May;67(5):480-8.
4. Roy-Byrne P, Craske MG, Sullivan G, Rose RD, Edlund MJ, Lang AJ, Bystritsky A, Welch SS, Chavira DA, Golinelli D, Campbell-Sills L, Sherbourne CD, Stein MB. Delivery of evidence-based treatment for multiple anxiety disorders in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 May 19;303(19):1921-8.
5. Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD, Dimidjian S, Amsterdam JD, Shelton RC, Fawcett J. Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010 Jan 6;303(1):47-53.

Dermatology

1. Terushkin V, Bender A, Psaty EL, Engelsen O, Wang SQ, Halpern AC.Estimated equivalency of vitamin D production from natural sun exposure versus oral vitamin D supplementation across seasons at two US latitudes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Jun;62(6):929.e1-9.
2. Mosher CE, Danoff-Burg S.Addiction to indoor tanning: relation to anxiety, depression, and substance use. Arch Dermatol. 2010 Apr;146(4):412-7.

Medical Ophthalmology

1. Kerr NM, Chew SS, Eady EK, Gamble GD, Danesh-Meyer HV. Diagnostic accuracy of confrontation visual field tests. Neurology. 2010 Apr 13;74(15):1184-90.
2. Wong TY, Klein R, Sun C, Mitchell P, Couper DJ, Lai H, Hubbard LD, Sharrett AR; Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Age-related macular degeneration and risk for stroke. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jul 18;145(2):98-106.
3. Rietveld RP, van Weert HC, ter Riet G, Bindels PJ. Diagnostic impact of signs and symptoms in acute infectious conjunctivitis: systematic literature search. BMJ. 2003 Oct 4;327(7418):789.
4. Pandit RJ, Gales K, Griffiths PG. Effectiveness of testing visual fields by confrontation. Lancet. 2001 Oct 20;358(9290):1339-40. Erratum in: Lancet 2001 Nov 24;358(9295):1820.

Gynecology

1. Saraiya M, Berkowitz Z, Yabroff KR, Wideroff L, Kobrin S, Benard V. Cervical cancer screening with both human papillomavirus and Papanicolaou testing vs Papanicolaou testing alone: what screening intervals are physicians recommending? Arch Intern Med. 2010 Jun 14;170(11):977-85.
2. Brook MG, Baveja T, Smondulak L, Shukla S. The effect of electronic patient records (EPR) on the time taken to treat patients with genital Chlamydia infection. Sex Transm Infect. 2010 May 21
3. Richter HE, Burgio KL, Brubaker L, Nygaard IE, Ye W, Weidner A, Bradley CS, Handa VL, Borello-France D, Goode PS, Zyczynski H, Lukacz ES, Schaffer J, Barber M, Meikle S, Spino C; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Continence pessary compared with behavioral therapy or combined therapy for stress incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Mar;115(3):609-17.

Otolaryngology

1. Ressel G. Sinus and Allergy Health Partnership releases report on adult chronic rhinosinusitis. Am Fam Physician. 2004 May 1;69(9):2248-9.
2. Hannah Keppler, MS; Ingeborg Dhooge, MD, PhD; Leen Maes, MS; Wendy D’haenens, MS; Annelies Bockstael, MS; Birgit Philips, MS; Freya Swinnen, MS; Bart Vinck, MS, PhD. Short-term Auditory Effects of Listening to an MP3 Player. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136(6):538-548.

Non-operative Orthopedics

1. Wilkens P, Scheel IB, Grundnes O, Hellum C, Storheim K. Effect of glucosamine on pain-related disability in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative lumbar osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 Jul 7;304(1):45-52.
2. Jarvik JG, Comstock BA, Kliot M, Turner JA, Chan L, Heagerty PJ, Hollingworth W, Kerrigan CL, Deyo RA. Surgery versus non-surgical therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomised parallel-group trial. Lancet. 2009 Sep 26;374(9695):1074-81.
3. Englund M, Guermazi A, Roemer FW, Aliabadi P, Yang M, Lewis CE, Torner J, Nevitt MC, Sack B, Felson DT. Meniscal tear in knees without surgery and the development of radiographic osteoarthritis among middle-aged and elderly persons: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Mar;60(3):831-9.
4. Kirkley A, Birmingham TB, Litchfield RB, Giffin JR, Willits KR, Wong CJ, Feagan BG, Donner A, Griffin SH, D'Ascanio LM, Pope JE, Fowler PJ. A randomized trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 11;359(11):1097-107.

Rehabilitation Medicine

1. Guzmán J, Esmail R, Karjalainen K, Malmivaara A, Irvin E, Bombardier C. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review. BMJ. 2001 Jun 23;322(7301):1511-6.
2. Khan F, Pallant JF, Brand C, Kilpatrick TJ. Effectiveness of rehabilitation intervention in persons with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Nov;79(11):1230-5. Epub 2008 Jun 5.
3. Mayo NE, Wood-Dauphinee S, Côté R, Gayton D, Carlton J, Buttery J, Tamblyn R. There's no place like home : an evaluation of early supported discharge for stroke. Stroke. 2000 May;31(5):1016-23.

• Principles of ambulatory medicine By Nicholas H. Fiebach, Lee Randol Barker, John Russell Burton, Philip D. Zieve, 7th Edition
• Additional ambulatory medicine references can be found on specialty and sub-specialty specific pages including Continuity Clinic.

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Benign Hem:

1. The PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism. Results of the prospective investigation ofpulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA, May 1990; 263: 2753-2759. (Available in the journal stacks at the Galter Library)
   - The Original PIOPED. All about VQ scans, intermediate/low probabilities, etc. In retrospect, this is probably what gave VQ scans a bad name, especially when CT came along, due to that annoying "intermediate probability" scan.
2. Stein P. D., Fowler S. E., Goodman L. R., Gottschalk A., Hales C.A., Hull R. D., Leeper K. V. Jr., Popovich J. Jr., Quinn D. A., Sos T. A., Sostman H. D., Tapson V. F., Wakefield T. W., Weg J. G., Woodard P. K., the PIOPED II Investigators. Multidetector Computed Tomography for Acute Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:2317-2327, Jun 1, 2006.
   - Using CT scans to rule out PE--slightly more realistic about how good CT scans are than we are as clinicians. Not quite as grand in scale as PIOPED the first.
3. Writing Group for the Christopher Study Investigators. Effectiveness of Managing Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Using an Algorithm Combining Clinical Probability, D-Dimer Testing, and Computed Tomography. JAMA, January 11, 2006; 295: 172 - 179.
   - One of many articles regarding clinical decision making in suspected PE.
4. Decousus H., Leizorovicz A., Parent F., Page Y., Tardy B., Girard P., Laporte S., Faivre R., Charbonnier B., Barral F.-G., Huet Y., Simonneau G., The Prévention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave Study Group. A Clinical Trial of Vena Caval Filters in the Prevention of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Proximal Deep-Vein Thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:409-416, Feb 12, 1998.
   - The article that always gets cited about how IVC filters increase DVT risk, decrease PE risk, and do not change mortality.
5. Simonneau G., Sors H., Charbonnier B., Page Y., Laaban J.-P., Azarian R., Laurent M., Hirsch J.-L., Ferrari E., Bosson J.-L., Mottier D., Beau B., The Thésée Study Group. A Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin with Unfractionated Heparin for Acute Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:663-669, Sep 4, 1997.
   - One of many articles invoked to justify lovenox use in treating pts with PE so you can avoid IV UFH with the associated pain of chasing PTT and a hospital stay.
6. Wells P. S., Anderson D. R., Rodger M., Forgie M., Kearon C., Dreyer J., Kovacs G., Mitchell M., Lewandowski B., Kovacs M. J. Evaluation of D-Dimer in the Diagnosis of Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1227-1235, Sep 25, 2003.
   - Another decision-making type article that discusses how to manage DVT/PE probability via D-Dimer.
7. Adams R. J., McKie V. C., Hsu L., Files B., Vichinsky E., Pegelow C., Abboud M., Gallagher D., Kutlar A., Nichols F. T., Bonds D. R., Brambilla D., Woods G., Olivieri N., Dr iscoll C., Miller S., Wang W., Hurlett A., Scher C., Berman B., Carl E., Jones A. M., Roach E. S., Wright E., Zimmerman R. A., Waclawiw M. Prevention of a First Stroke by Transfusions in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia and Abnormal Results on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:5-11, Jul 2, 1998.
   - How to prevent stroke in patients with Sickle Cell Disease.
8. The Optimizing Primary Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2) Trial Investigators. Discontinuing Prophylactic Transfusions Used to Prevent Stroke in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2769-2778, Dec 29, 2005.
   - It's not safe to stop exchange transfusions in patients with Sickle Cell who had abnormal TCD in the first place.
9. Mayer S. A., Brun N. C., Begtrup K., Broderick J., Davis S., Diringer M. N., Skolnick B. E., Steiner T., the Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators. Recombinant Activated Factor VII for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:777-785, Feb 24, 2005.
   - Could Recombinant Factor VII be used to benefit people with ICH?
10. Lee, AY et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 2003 349;2:146-53

Collection by Dr. Raman Khanna

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Endocrinology:

1. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. NEJM 1993 Vol 329:977-986.
   - The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) involved patients who had diabetes for at least 1 year but no longer than 15 years and no evidence of advanced diabetic eye dsease. The study compared the effects of two treatment regimens—standard therapy and intensive control—on the complications of diabetes. A 76% reduced risk of eye disease, a 50% reduced risk of kidney disease, and 60% reduced risk of neuropathy were demonstrated.
2. DCCT/EDIC Study Research group. Intensive Diabetes Treatment and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. NEJM 2005 Vol 353: 2643-53.
3. Van den Berghe et al. Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients. NEJM 2001 Vol 345: 1359-67.
4. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. NEJM 2002; Vol 346: 393-403.
5. Heine et al. Exenatide versus Insulin Glargine in Patients with Suboptimally Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Intern Med 2005; Vol 143:559-569.
6. Basaria, Shehzad and Cooper, David. Amiodarone and the thyroid. Am J Med 2005; Vol 118: 706-714.
7. Cooper, David. Antithyroid Drugs. NEJM 2005; Vol 352: 905-17.
8. Hamrahian et al. Clinical utility of Noncontrast Computed Tomography Attenuation Value (Hounsfield Units) to differentiate adrenal adenomas/hyperplasia from nonadenomas: Cleveland Clinic Experience. JCEM 2005 90 (2):871-877.
9. Black DM et al. Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the Fracture Intervention Trial. FIT Research Group. JCEM 2000 85(11):4118-24.
10. Neer RM et al. Effect of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Fractures and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. NEJM 2001; 344:1434-1441.
11. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study. Annals of Medicine 1996;28:439. Not available online
    - The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) study showed that intensive blood glucose control reduces the risk of diabetic complications, with the greatest effect on microvascular complications. A subgroup analysis suggested that metformin was more effective than sulfonylureas in overweight type-2 diabetic patients.
12. Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. NEJM 2002;346:393.
    - This study attempted to determine if a lifestyle-intervention program or metformin would prevent or delay the development of diabetes in high-risk groups (those with elevated plasma glucose concentrations in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load, were overweight, or who had a sedentary lifestyle). At 2.8 years’ average follow-up, 6.9 persons would have to participate in the lifestyle-intervention program, and 13.9 would have to receive metformin to prevent one case of diabetes. The authors concluded that though both were effective in reducing the incidence of diabetes in persons at high risk, lifestyle intervention was more so.

• **Watch an interview with Dr. Mark Molitch regarding Endocrinology and Community Health

Collection by Dr. Galina Smushkin with assistance by Dr. Peter Kopp. Article reviews by Dr. Ben Singer

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Gastroenterology:

Upper GI bleeding:

1. Barkun A. Consensus Recommendations for Managing Patients with Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Ann Intern Med. 11/18/2003. Vol139, pp843-857
2. Lau et al. Effect of Intravenous Omeprazole on Recurrent Bleeding after Endoscopic Treatment of Bleeding Peptic Ulcers. NEJM 8/3/00 Vol 343 pp. 310-316
3. Chan et al. Clopidogrel versus Aspirin and Esomeprazole to Prevent Recurrent Ulcer Bleeding. NEJM 1/20/05 vol352 pp 238-244
4. Chan F. et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and risk of peptic ulcers in patients starting long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomised trial. Lancet 1/5/02 vol 359 pp 9-13.
5. Lanza et al. A guideline for the treatment and prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers. Members of the Ad Hoc Committee on Practice Parameters of the American College of Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998, vol 93. pp 2037.

Lower GI bleeding:

1. Eisen GM. An Annotated Algorithmic Approach to Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 6/2001. Vol 53, issue 7, pp 864-
   ( This article can not be directly linked. Once in the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy journal via the above link, search by entering the author's name (Eisen G M) and the year (2001). Click on Search and scroll down until you reach the article.)

Obscure GI Bleeding:

1. Leighton JA. Obscure GI Bleeding. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Nov 2003. Vol 58 issue 5, pp650-55.

Ulcerative Colitis:

1. Kornbluth A. Ulcerative Colitis Practice Guidelines in Adults (update). Americal College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameter Committee. Am J Gastroenterol July 2004. Vol 99, issue 7. pp1371-1385.

Crohn's disease:

1. Egan LJ. Advances in the Treatment of Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology. 2004, vol 126, pp1574-1581.

Collection by Dr. John Rice

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Hematology - Malignant

1. Krause DS, Van Etten RA. Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 14;353(2):172-87.
       o Expands on the promises of Gleevec by reviewing the current and future use of TKIs in hematologic and non-hematologic cancers.
2. Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J, Singhal S, Jagannath S, Irwin D, Rajkumar SV, Srkalovic G, Alsina M, Alexanian R, Siegel D, Orlowski RZ, Kuter D, Limentani SA, Lee S, Hideshima T, Esseltine DL, Kauffman M, Adams J, Schenkein DP, Anderson KC. A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2609-17.
       o This is the open-label trial that popularized the use of proteasome inhibition with bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma, opening up a new target to exploit for the treatment of malignancy.
3. Tallman MS, Gilliland DG, Rowe JM. Drug therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2005 Aug 15;106(4):1154-63.
       o This is an in-depth but very readable review of the current therapies for AML as well as the upcoming therapies, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of the disease and how to exploit them pharmacologically. It is invaluable to read at the start of a stint on the Red service.
4. Copelan EA. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 27;354(17):1813-26.
       o A historical and mechanistic review of that black box which is stem cell transplant, including current and future indications for SCT.
5. List A, Dewald G, Bennett J, Giagounidis A, Raza A, Feldman E, Powell B, Greenberg P, Thomas D, Stone R, Reeder C, Wride K, Patin J, Schmidt M, Zeldis J, Knight R; Myelodysplastic Syndrome-003 Study Investigators. Lenalidomide in the myelodysplastic syndrome with chromosome 5q deletion. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5;355(14):1456-65.
       o This clinical trial uses an anologue of thalidomide for the treatment of a cytogenetic subtype of MDS, finally showing a therapy th [text missing from original document]
6. Lowenberg, B. Acute Myeloid Leukemia. NEJM. Sept 1999; 341: 1051-1062.
7. Sanz MA, Tallman MS, Lo-coco F. Tricks of the trade for the appropriate management of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2005 Apr 15;105(8):3019-25

Collection by Dr. Taylor Ortiz with assistance by Dr. Keren Barfi.

Oncology

1. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for earlly breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005; 365: 1687-1717.
2. Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC, Yahalom J. Clinical practice. Superior vena cava syndrome with malignant causes. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1862-9.
3. Halfdanarson TR, Hogan WJ, Moynihan TJ. Oncologic emergencies: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Jun;81(6):835-48
4. Ost D, Fein A. Evaluation and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 1):782-7

Collection by Dr. Tara Sanft

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Infectious Diseases:

General ID:

1. de Gans J, van de Beek D. Dexamethasone in adults with bacterial meningitis. EuropeanDexamethasone in Adulthood Bacterial Meningitis Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 14;347(20):1549-56
2. Chastre et al. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003 Nov 19;290(19):2588-98
3. Weber JT. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Aug 15;41 Suppl 4: S269-72
4. Hill DR et al. The Practice of Travel Medicine: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2006;43:1499-153
5. Mourad O, Palda V, Detsky AS. A comprehensive evidence-based approach to fever of unknown origin. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Mar 10;163(5):545-51
6. Spanakis, Aperis , Mylonakis. New Agents for the treatment of fungal infections: Clinical efficacy and gaps in coverage. CID Vol 43 (2006) pages 1060-1068
7. Thielman NM, Guerrant RL. Acute infectious diarrhea. NEngl J Med. 2004 Jan 1;350(1):38-47
8. Thwaites et al. Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis in Adolescents and Adults. N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct 21;351(17):1741-51
9. Pronovost P et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 28;355(26):2725-32
10. Zimmerli W, Trampuz A, Ochsner PE. Prosthetic-Joint Infections. New Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1645-54.
11. Baddour LM et al. AHA Scientific Statement on Infective Endocarditis. Circulation 2005; 111: 3167-84.
12. Aslam S, Hamill RJ, Musher DM. Treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease: old therapies and new strategies. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 549-57.
13. Lipsky BA et al. IDSA guidelines: Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 885-910.
14. Baddour et al. AHA Scientific statement on Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications – endorsed by IDSA Circulation. 2005;111:e394–e434
15. Mourad O, Palda V, Detsky AS. A comprehensive evidence-based approach to fever of unknown origin. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Mar 10;163(5):545-51
        o The authors of this article did a MEDLINE database search for articles relating to FUO, especially regarding prevalence of particular causes and advantages/disadvantages of certain diagnostic tests. They found that in the 1990s, no diagnosis was found in 30% of patients with FUO. Infection accounted for 24.5%, inflammatory causes for 23.5%, and malignancy for 14.5% of cases of FUO. The authors recommend the following: once a patient is found to have FUO (fevers >38.3 C on several occasions and lasting longer than 3 weeks, with an uncertain diagnosis after 1 week of hospital investigation – the current definition requires only 3 days of hospital evaluation), medications should be discontinued if possible. No empiric antibiotic therapy should be attempted. Diagnostic “tests” to perform include 1) applying the Duke criteria for endocarditis, 2) CT of abdomen and pelvis, 3) Technetium scan, and 4) Liver Biopsy. Other recommended tests include 5) Ultrasonography to evaluate for DVT and 6) Temporal artery biopsy in elderly patients to evaluate for temporal arteritis (a cause in 16-17% of elderly with FUO). Review by Dr. Adam Romeiser.

Collection by Dr. Mobola Campbell with assistance from Dr. Sarah Sutton and Dr. Maureen Bolon

Immunocompromised ID / HIV:

1. Neil M.H. Graham, MD; Donald R. Hoover, PhD; Lawrence P. Park, MSE; Daniel S. Stein, MD; John P. Phair, MD, Mellors John W. MD; Roger Detels, MD; Alfred J. Saah, MD. Survival in HIV-Infected Patients Who Have Received Zidovudine: Comparison of Combination Therapy with Sequential Monotherapy and Continued Zidovudine Monotherapy. Ann Intern Med. 1996: 124 (12):1031-1038.
2. Bozzette S. A., Sattler F. R., Chiu J., Wu A. W., Gluckstein D., Kemper C., Bartok A., Niosi J, Abramson I., Coffman J., et al. A controlled trial of early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. California Collaborative Treatment Group. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1451-1457, Nov 22, 1990. (Available in the journal stacks at the Galter Library)
3. de Quiros J. C. L. B., Miro J. M., Pena J. M., Podzamczer D., Alberdi J. C., Martinez E., Cosin J., Claramonte X., Gonzalez J., Domingo P., Casado J. L., Ribera E., The Grupo de Estudio del SIDA 04/98. A Randomized Trial of the Discontinuation of Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:159-167, Jan 18, 2001.
4. El-Sadr W. M., Burman W. J., Grant L. B., Matts J. P., Hafner R., Crane L., Zeh D., Gallagher B.,Mannheimer S. B., Martinez A., Gordin F., The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. Discontinuation of Prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Who Have a Response to Antiretroviral Therapy. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1085-1092, Apr 13, 2000.
5. Hammer S. M., Squires K. E., et al. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team. A Controlled Trial of Two Nucleoside Analogues plus Indinavir in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and CD4 Cell Counts of 200 per Cubic Millimeter or Less. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:725-733, Sep 11, 1997.
6. Katzenstein D. A., Hammer S. M., Hughes M. D., Gundacker H., Jackson J. B., Fiscus S., Rasheed S., Elbeik T., Reichman R., Japour A., Merigan T. C., Hirsch M. S., The AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Virology Study Team. The Relation of Virologic and Immunologic Markers to Clinical Outcomes after Nucleoside Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults with 200 to 500 CD4 Cells per Cubic Millimeter. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1091-1098, Oct 10, 1996.
7. Pallela, et al. Declining Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients with Advanced Human Deficiency Virus Infection. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 853-860, March 26, 1998.
8. Palella FJ Jr, Deloria-Knoll M, Chmiel JS, Moorman AC, Wood KC, Greenberg AE, Holmberg SD, HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. Survival benefit of initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected persons in different CD4+ cell strata. Annals of internal medicine. 2003;138(8):620-6.

Bone Marrow Transplant:

1. M A Slavin, A P Grigg, et al. A randomized comparison of empiric or pre-emptive antibiotic therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007 Apr 30
2. S N Wolff, J Fay, et al. Fluconazole vs low-dose amphotericin B for the prevention of fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a study of the North American Marrow Transplant Group. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000: 25 (8): 853-59.
3. I Bence-Brucklera, C Bredeson, et al. A randomized trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neupogen) starting day 1 vs day 7 post-autologous stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998: 22 (10): 965-9.

Solid Organ Transplant:

1. Sia IG, Patel R. New strategies for prevention and therapy of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13:83-121.

Hematology/Oncology:

1. Hughes WT, Armstrong DA, Bodey GP, et al. 2002 Guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:730-51.
2. Kern, Winfried V. Risk assessment and risk-based therapeutic strategies in febrile neutropenia. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 14(4):415-422, August 2001.
3. Freifeld A, Marchigiani D, Walsh T, et al. A double-blind comparison of empirical oral and intravenous antibiotic therapy for low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:305–11.

Collection by Dr. Michael Hoffman

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Nephrology:

1. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Mar 16 ;130(6):461-70.
2. Gluck SL. Acid-base. Lancet. 1998 Aug 8;352(9126):474-9. Review.
3. Halperin ML, Kamel KS. Potassium. Lancet. 1998 Jul 11;352(9122):135-40. Review.
4. Bushinsky DA, Monk RD. Electrolyte quintet: Calcium. Lancet. 1998 Jul 25;352(9124):306-11. Review.
5. Kumar S, Berl T. Sodium. Lancet. 1998 Jul 18;352(9123):220-8. Review.
6. Weisinger JR, Bellorin-Font E. Magnesium and phosphorus. Lancet. 1998 Aug 1;352(9125):391-6. Review.
7. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, Levey AS. Assessing kidney function--measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 8;354(23):2473-83.

Acute

1. Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS. Clinical practice. Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 26;354(4):379-86. Review.
2. Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Marana I, Lauri G, Campodonico J, Grazi M, De Metrio M, Galli S, Fabbiocchi F, Montorsi P, Veglia F, Bartorelli AL. N- acetylcysteine and contrast-induced nephropathy in primary angioplasty. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 29;354(26):2773-82.
3. Mehta RL. Continuous renal replacement therapy in the critically ill patient. Kidney Int. 2005 Feb;67(2):781-95.
4. Ronco C, Bellomo R, Homel P, Brendolan A, Dan M, Piccinni P, La Greca G. Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet. 2000 Jul 1;356(9223):26-30.
5. Schiffl H, Lang SM, Fischer R. Daily hemodialysis and the outcome of acute renal failure. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 31;346(5):305-10.
6. Stacul F, Adam A, Becker CR, Davidson C, Lameire N, McCullough PA, Tumlin J; CIN Consensus Working Panel. Strategies to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Sep 18;98(6A):59K-77K. Epub 2006 Mar 20. Review.
7. Thadhani R, Pascual M, Bonventre JV. Acute renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 30;334(22):1448-60. Review.

Chronic

1. Hou FF, Zhang X, Zhang GH, Xie D, Chen PY, Zhang WR, Jiang JP, Liang M, Wang GB, Liu ZR, Geng RW. Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 12;354(2):131-40.
2. Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, Burger HU, Scherhag A; CREATE Investigators. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 16;355(20):2071-84.
3. Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, Barnhart H, Sapp S, Wolfson M, Reddan D; CHOIR Investigators. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 16;355(20):2085-98.
4. Wolf G, Ritz E. Combination therapy with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers to halt progression of chronic renal disease: pathophysiology and indications. Kidney Int. 2005 Mar;67(3):799-812. Review.

Transplant

1. Halloran PF. Immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 23;351(26):2715-29. Review.

Collection by Dr. Bijal Jain and Dr. Albert Lam

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Palliative Care:

1. Back AL. RM. Dealing with conflict in caring for the seriously ill: "it was just out of the question". JAMA. 293(11):1374-81, 2005 Mar 16.
2. Hauptman PJ. Havranek EP. Integrating palliative care into heart failure care. Arch Intern Med. 165(4):374-8, 2005 Feb 28.
3. Hinshaw DB. Pawlik T. Mosenthal AC. Civetta JM. Hallenbeck J. When do we stop, and how do we do it? Medical futility and withdrawal of care. J Am Coll Surg. 196(4):621-51, 2003 Apr.
4. Hinshaw DB. Carnahan JM. Johnson DL. Depression, anxiety, and asthenia in advanced illness. J Am Coll Surg. 195(2):271-7; discussion 277-8, 2002.
5. Krakauer EL. Zhu AX. Bounds BC. Sahani D. McDonald KR. Brachtel EF. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 6-2005. A 58-year-old man with esophageal cancer and nausea, vomiting, and intractable hiccups. N Engl J Med. 352(8):817-25, 2005 Feb 24.
6. Li JM. Pain management in the hospitalized patient. Med Clin N Am 86(4):771-95, 2002 Jul. (No direct link available. Click on journal title link and search for "Li JM" to find the article.)
7. Luce JM. Luce JA. Perspectives on care at the close of life. Management of dyspnea in patients with far-advanced lung disease: "once I lose it, it's kind of hard to catch it... ". JAMA. 285(10):1331-7, 2001 Mar 14.
8. Maciejewski PK. Zhang B. Block SD. Prigerson HG. An empirical examination of the stage theory of grief. JAMA. 297(7):716-23, 2007 Feb 21.
9. Morrison RS. Meier DE. Clinical practice. Palliative care. N Engl J Med. 350(25):2582-90, 2004 Jun 17.
10. Pantilat SZ. Steimle AE. Palliative care for patients with heart failure. JAMA. 291(20):2476-82, 2004 May 26.
11. Sulmasy DP. Spiritual issues in the care of dying patients: ". . . it's okay between me and god." JAMA. 296(11):1385-92, 2006 Sep 20.
12. Tulsky JA. Beyond advance directives: importance of communication skills at the end of life. JAMA. 294(3):359-65, 2005 Jul 20.

Collection by Dr. Tara Sanft with the assistance of Dr. Joshua Hauser

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Pulmonary:

• Ponce CA, Gallo M, Bustamante R, Vargas SL. Pneumocystis colonization is highly prevalent in the autopsied lungs of the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1;50(3):347-53.
      Nested polymerase chain reaction testing performed at autopsy revealed Pneumocystis jirovecii in the lungs of 65% of individuals who died of causes unrelated to immunodeficiency.
• Rutten FH, Zuithoff NP, Hak E, Grobbee DE, Hoes AW. Beta-blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med. 2010 May 24;170(10):880-7.
      ß-blockers were associated with lower mortality and fewer acute exacerbations in patients with COPD.
• Decramer M, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, Mehra S, Tashkin DP; UPLIFT investigators. Effect of tiotropium on outcomes in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UPLIFT): a prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Oct 3;374(9696):1171-8. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
      Tiotropium can be as effective for patients with early-stage COPD as it is for patients with more-severe disease.

1. Laviolette M, Malmstrom K, Lu S, et al. Montelukast added to inhaled beclomethasone in treatment of asthma. AJRCCM 1999;160:1862-68.
       o This randomized, double-blinded study supports the addition of a leukotriene inhibitor for asthmatics with inadequate symptom control with inhaled corticosteroid alone.
2. Lange P, Parner J, Vestbo J, Schnohr P, Jensen G. A 15-year follow-up study of ventilatory function in adults with asthma. NEJM 1998;339:1194-200.
       o Noteworthy for being one of the studies showing that a portion of patients with asthma go on to develop fixed airway obstruction.
3. Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. AJRCCM 2001;163:1730-54.
       o Latest recommendations from the ATS.
4. ATS / ERS Task Force: Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: A summary position of the ATS / ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 2004;23:932-46.
       o This is an abbreviated summary of a serially updated web document:
5. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. AJRCCM 2002;165:277-304.
       o Written to standardize the diagnostic criteria and terminology for idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, this article nicely summarizes the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of the ILD alphabet soup.
6. Channick RN, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, et al. Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2001;358:1119-23
       o First study of chronic bosentan in 32 patients with primary or scleroderma-related pulmonary hypertension. Over the 12 weeks of the study, bosentan was well-tolerated and improved cardiac index and exercise capacity (70 meter gain in 6-minute walk). Similar results were obtained in a subsequent larger study of 213 patients (Rubin LJ et al. NEJM 2002; 346:896-903).
7. Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of COPD. NEJM 1995;333:817-22.
       o Landmark prospective, randomized study found use of NIPPV in selected patients with COPD exacerbations resulted in fewer intubations, complications, days in hospital, and lower in-hospital mortality compared to standard treatment.
8. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and d-dimer. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:98-107.
       o Large prospective cohort study using the SimpliRED d-dimer assay (which has sensitivity lower than, and specificity higher than, most other d-dimer tests) found the combination of a low clinical suspicion for PE and a negative d-dimer safely ruled out pulmonary embolism without additional testing.

Collection by Dr. Joseph Weber

The ATS has also developed a excellent reference list that is posted online.

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Rheumatology:

1. Petri, M, Magder L. Classification Criteria for SLE: a review. Lupus 2004; 13:829-37.
2. Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Medium and large vessel vasculitis. N. Engl J. Med 2003; 349: 160-9
3. Levine S, Hellman D. Giant Cell Arteritis. Curr Opin Rheum, 14(1): 3-10, 2001.
4. Mandell BF. Polymyalgia Rheumatica: clinical presentation is key to diagnosis and treatment. Cleve Clin J. Med 2004; 71:489-95.
5. Stone J, Nousari H. “Essential” Cutaneous Vasculitis: What Every Rheumatologist Should Know About Vasculitis of the Skin. Curr Opin Rheum 13:23-34, 2001.
6. Lee DM, Weinblatt ME. Rheumatoid arthritis. The Lancet - Vol. 358, Issue 9285, 15 September 2001, Pages 903-911
7. O'Dell J. R. Drug Therapy: Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2591-2602, Jun 17, 2004.
8. Terkeltaub R. A. Gout. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1647-1655, Oct 23, 2003
9. Creamer P, Hochberg MC. Osteoarthritis. The Lancet - Vol. 350, Issue 9076, 16 August 1997, Pages 503-509
10. Levine JD, Branch W, Rauch J. The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 346:752-63, 2002.
11. Khan MA. Update on Spondyloarthropathies. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 896-907.
12. Fox RI. Sjögren's syndrome. The Lancet - Vol. 366, Issue 9482, 23 July 2005, Pages 321-331
13. J. Braun, J. Sieper. Ankylosing spondylitis. The Lancet, Volume 369, Issue 9570, Pages 1379-1390

Collection by Dr. Flavia Castelino

Additional Text Reference: Primer on The Rheumatic Disease, 12th edition, Klippel JH, Weyand CM, Wortmann RL, editors. Arthritis Foundation, Atlanta 2001

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Sleep Medicine:

1. Wilson, J.F., In the clinic. Insomnia. Ann Intern Med, 2008. 148(1): p. ITC13-1-ITC13-16.
2. Balkin, T.J., et al., Sleep loss and sleepiness: current issues. Chest, 2008. 134(3): p. 653-60.
3. Yumino, D. and T.D. Bradley, Central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2008. 5(2): p. 226-36.
4. Billiard, M., Diagnosis of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. An update based on the International classification of sleep disorders, 2nd edition. Sleep Med Rev, 2007. 11(5): p. 377-88. (Click Science Direct link.)
5. Sullivan, S.S. and C.A. Kushida, Multiple sleep latency test and maintenance of wakefulness test. Chest, 2008. 134(4): p. 854-61.
6. Zamarron, C., V. Garcia Paz, and A. Riveiro, Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a systemic disease. Current evidence. Eur J Intern Med, 2008. 19(6): p. 390-8. (Click Science Direct link.)
7. Reading, P., Parasomnias: the spectrum of things that go bump in the night. Pract Neurol, 2007. 7(1): p. 6-15.
8. Oertel, W.H., et al., State of the art in restless legs syndrome therapy: practice recommendations for treating restless legs syndrome. 22 Suppl 18: p. S466-75. Mov Disord, 2007.
9. Franklin, K.A., et al., Effects and side-effects of surgery for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea--a systematic review. Sleep, 2009. 32(1): p. 27-36. (Click View full text link)
10. Barion, A. and P.C. Zee, A clinical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Med, 2007. 8(6): p. 566-77. (Click Science Direct link.)
11. Eckert, D.J., et al., Central sleep apnea: Pathophysiology and treatment. Chest, 2007. 131(2): p. 595-607.
12. Garcia-Touchard, A., et al., Central sleep apnea: implications for congestive heart failure. Chest, 2008. 133(6): p. 1495-504.
13. Eckert, D.J., A. Malhotra, and A.S. Jordan, Mechanisms of apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2009. 51(4): p. 313-23. (Click Science Direct link.)
14. Doghramji, P.P., J.A. Lieberman, 3rd, and M.L. Gordon, Stay awake! Understanding, diagnosing, and successfully managing narcolepsy. 56(11 Suppl Stay): p. S17-31; quiz S32. J Fam Pract, 2007.
15. Rubins, J.B. and K.M. Kunisaki, Contemporary issues in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Postgrad Med, 2008. 120(2): p. 46-52.
16. Benes, H., et al., Definition of restless legs syndrome, how to diagnose it, and how to differentiate it from RLS mimics. Mov Disord, 2007. 22 Suppl 18: p. S401-8.
17. Mullington, J.M., et al., Cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2009. 51(4): p. 294-302. (Click Science Direct link)

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Women's Health:

1. Petitti, D. B. Combination Estrogen-Progestin Oral Contraceptives. N Engl J Med . 2003; 349: 1443-1450.
   - excellent review article
2. Johnson BD, Shaw LJ, Buchthal SD, Merz CNB, Kim HW, Scott KN, et al. Prognosis in Women With Myocardial Ischemia in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Disease Results From the National Institutes of Health–National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Circulation. 2004;109:2993-2999.
   - interesting prospective trial
3. Mosca L, Banka CL, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: 2007 update. Circulation. 2007 Mar 20;115(11):1481-501.
   - expert committee recommendations
4. Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, ; Applegate WB; Barrett-Connor E; Musliner TA,et al . Effect of Alendronate on Risk of Fracture in Women With Low Bone Density but Without Vertebral Fractures: Results From the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA.1998; 280: 2077-2082.
   - randomized, placebo-controlled study
5. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Screening for Cervical Cancer: Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. AHRQ Publication No. 03-515A, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, 2003.
6. Black D. M., Greenspan S. L., Ensrud K. E., Palermo L., McGowan J. A., Lang T. F., Garnero P., Bouxsein M. L., Bilezikian J. P., Rosen C. J., the PaTH Study Investigators. The Effects of Parathyroid Hormone and Alendronate Alone or in Combination in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349:1207-1215.
   - randomized controlled trial of PTH +/- Alendronate vs placebo
7. Rossouw JE; Anderson GL; Prentice RL; LaCroix AZ; Kooperberg C; Stefanick ML;,et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288(3):321-33.
8. Elmore JG, Armstrong K, Lehman CD, Fletcher SW. Screening for Breast Cancer. JAMA. 2005 Mar 9;293(10):1245-56.
9. Ridker PM, M.D., Cook NR, Lee IM,., Gordon D, Gaziano M, Manson JE, et al. A Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women. New Engl J Med. 2005; 352:1293-1304.
10. Elmore JG. Barton MB. Moceri VM. Polk S. Arena PJ. Fletcher SW. Ten-year risk of false positive screening mammograms and clinical breast examinations. N Engl J Med. 338(16):1089-96, 1998 Apr 16.